如何安全地进行实验室消化

Digestions become necessary for dissolving solid samples and powders homogeneously in a liquid medium for further analysis. Such samples are not readily soluble and often require harsh treatment with an acid or a combination of acids under application of heat.

两个常见的消化模式是开放的酸消化和微波消解。使用浓酸和加热使得操作更加危险。正是由于这种原因，需要在进行消化时进行额外的小心。

建议使用微波消化，因为它们相对安全，并且还消耗更少的时间。酸消化更常见，因为它们不涉及昂贵的设备。在微波消化系统中，安全功能是内置的，但在进行开放酸性消化时，必须采用安全实践。

消化有机物

包括生物样本的有机样品需要仔细选择溶解溶剂。脂肪族烃，酯，酮，醇是使用中的溶剂。在选择溶剂中，避免溶剂具有已知的健康危害，例如苯和甲基异丁基酮。卤化烃上加热释放有毒烟雾，应避免。建议咨询material safety data sheet (MSDS)。食用溶剂。

无机材料

粘土，砂，矿物质等材料的分析需要在恶劣条件下与酸消化。在通风良好的通风罩下进行所有酸性消化，并保持自己用围裙，耐酸手套和安全护目镜保护。在使用浓缩酸之前，尝试溶解在稀酸中，因为将浓酸直接加入样品可以导致剧烈反应。记住水不应加入浓缩酸以稀释，但将酸加入水中以防止剧烈溅。使用高氯和氢氟酸时需要特别注意。

Perchloric acid requires extreme care in handling as it is a powerful oxidizing agent and is also highly corrosive.It is commonly used in combination with Nitric acid. Perchloric acid should not be used in pressure digestion systems. Always make use of fully functional fume hoods and make use of polyvinyl chloride and not rubber gloves.

Hydrofluoric acid is also used for digestions. It is also corrosive and highly toxic. It causes skin burns and can also damage lung tissue if inhaled. Contact with eyes can cause serious injury and even blindness. Always take precautions similar to those when working with perchloric acid and do not use glassware as it attacks the glass.

在进行消化时，需要采用安全预防措施和安全实践，因为粗心的疏忽可能导致您的其他实验室同事导致危险后果。