要求基础实验室玻璃器皿的清洗

实验室利用多种玻璃器皿，如容量烧瓶，推进器，移液器，烧杯，手表眼镜，比重瓶，小瓶，培养皿，刻度气瓶等。此类物品不是一次性的，反复使用。然而，分析结果的质量在很大程度上取决于它们的清洁和免受污染的自由。

实验室玻璃器皿清洁实践介绍了采用的玻璃器皿清洁实践。本文在处理不同类化学品后，提供了清洁不同类型玻璃器皿及其清洁实践的建议。

清洁不同类别的玻璃器皿

使用前应仔细检查实验室应用程序的玻璃器皿。它们应免于斑点，明显干净，没有化学污染，也没有细菌，即在微生物应用中使用之前无菌。采用用于从油或油脂污染的自由采用的简单方法是通过蒸馏水流均匀的润湿。润滑脂或油的存在将防止均匀的润湿并导致形成微小液滴。

Volumetric Flasks

在使用温肥皂水中立即浸泡后。用软刷清洁任何顽固的沉积物。用自来水冲洗，然后用去离子水冲洗3-4冲洗。应避免热空气烘箱干燥，因为这会影响玻璃器皿的体积校准。如果玻璃器皿迫切需要用丙酮冲洗2-3次并涂上真空以除去残留的丙酮。应避免吹气，因为它可以污染清洁的烧瓶。

Burettes

Wash with soap water. Use long handle soft brush if necessary. and finally rinse 2 – 3 times with deionised water. Remove the joint and boil in a weak solution of sodium carbonate to remove grease. Apply a thin film of grease after cleaning and re-insert into the burette.

Pipettes

Insert pipettes gently into a jar filled with tap water for some time. After removal dip in a jar of dissolved detergent or chromic acid and after soaking for sufficient time (several hours) run deionised water both outside and inside. Wipe outside with lint free tissue. Allow to dry.

Culture tubes and Petri dishes

Microbiological studies required use of culture tubes and Petri dishes. Sterilize before cleaning in the autoclave for 20 – 30 minutes at 121 degrees centigrade and 15 psi pressure. Empty the contents and adopt general cleaning practices as for other glassware.

使用不同类型的化学物质后清洁

Commonly you would encounter aqueous or non-aqueous samples in laboratory analysis.After using aqueous solutions you should wash glassware with tap water followed by rinsing 3 to 4 times with deionised water.In case of non-aqueous samples rinsing with ethanol or acetone is sufficient followed by 3 – 4 rinses with deionised water.

Strong acids and bases

Wear gloves and safety glasses for the cleaning operation. Rinse with several volumes of tap water in a fume hood followed by 3 to 4 rinses with deionised water

Weak acids and bases

Glassware used for handling weak acids or bases or dilute solutions of strong acids or bases can be rinsed with tap water followed by 3-4 rinses with deionised water

Autoclaving

Steam autoclaving for sterilization requires essential precautions:

• Remove closure caps, if any, before autoclaving
• Inspect glassware carefully for cracks. Autoclave crack free glassware only as cracked or chipped glassware can break during the process of sterilization.
• Allow the glassware to attain room temperature after autoclaving so as to avoid handling injuries or breakages.
• Only borosilicate glass items should be autoclaved. Bottles which are usually made from soda lime glass do not withstand the autoclave temperatures.
• The autoclave should be provided with auto cut-off in case there is accidental increase in temperature or pressure.

清洁实验室玻璃器皿时采取足够的预防措施。保护眼睛，手和衣服是必不可少的，以免由于破损，肥皂溶液进入眼睛并引起刺激。其他苛刻的清洁剂可引起皮肤灼伤或甚至通过皮肤渗透产生毒性。